Which of the following credential types might require a reader in an EAC system?

In an Electronic Access Control (EAC) system, smart cards and proximity cards are types of credentials that typically require a reader to gain access. Smart cards store data electronically and often use encryption, allowing them to communicate with a reader through contact or contactless means. Proximity cards, on the other hand, activate a reader when they are brought within a certain distance, enabling a seamless entry experience.

Both of these credentials rely on electronic readers to validate the cardholder's identity and permit or deny access based on the information contained within the card. This interaction is essential for the security and efficiency of the EAC system, as it provides a means to authenticate users while controlling entry points effectively.

In contrast, RFID chips can be integrated in the same manner as smart cards but are not exclusively tied to needing a reader, as they can sometimes contain different functionalities. PIN numbers are typically entered manually on a keypad and do not require a reader per se, as they rely on the input of the code for access. Manual keys, while they do grant access, are physical objects that do not utilize electronic systems and therefore do not involve any type of reader interaction. Thus, smart cards and proximity cards stand out as credential types that specifically necessitate a reader in